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Surah Al-Ahqaf

The Wind-Curved Sandhills

Chapter 46 of 114

Beautiful Quran Recitation

Surah Al-Ahqaf

Recited by Salaah Bukhaatir

Overview

About this Surah

The Surah taken its name from the word at-tariq in its first verse.

At a glance

Surah 46 of 114

Translation
Berber
Recitation
Salaah Bukhaatir

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Commentary

Tafsir

<h2>Name</h2>
<p>The Surah taken its name from the word <em>at-tariq</em> in its <a href=/86/1>first verse</a>.</p>
<h2>Period of Revelation</h2>
<p>The style of its subject matter resembles that of the earliest Surahs revealed at Makkah, but this surah was sent down at a stage when the disbelievers of Makkah were employing all sorts of devices and plans to defeat and frustrate the message of the Qur'an and Muhammad (upon whom be Allah's peace and blessings).</p>
<h2>Theme and Subject Matter</h2>
<p>It discuses two themes: first that man has to appear before God after death; second, that the Qur'an is a decisive Word which no plan or device of the disbelievers can defeat or frustrate.</p>
<p>First of all, the stars of the heavens have been cited as an evidence that there is nothing in the universe which may continue to exist and survive without guardian over it. Then man has been asked to consider his own self as to how he has been brought into existence from a mere sperm drop and shaped into a living human being. Then it has been said that the God, Who has so brought him into existence, has certainly the power to create him once again, and this resurrection will be for the purpose to subject to scrutiny all the secrets of man which remained hidden in the world. At that time, man will neither be able to escape the consequences of his deeds by his own power, nor will anyone else come to his rescue.</p>
<p>In conclusion, it has been pointed out that just as the falling of rain from the sky and the sprouting of plants and crops from the earth is no child's play but a serious task, so also the truths expressed in the Qur'an are no jest but a firm and unchangeable reality. The disbelievers are involved in the misunderstanding that their plans and devices will defeat the invitation of the Qur'an, but they do not know that Allah too is devising a plan which will bring to naught all their scheming and planning. Than in one sentence the discourse has been summed up, with a word of consolation to the Holy Prophet (upon whom be peace) and a tacit warning to the disbelievers, saying: "Have patience for a while: let the disbelievers do their worst. Before long they will themselves realize whether they have been able to defeat the Qur'an by their scheming or the Qur'an has dominated them in the very place where they are exerting their utmost to defeat it."</p>

Verse by verse

Surah Al-Ahqaf · The Wind-Curved Sandhills

بِسْمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحْمَٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ

  1. Ayah 1

    بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَـٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ حم

    Ëm.

  2. Ayah 2

    تَنزِيلُ الْكِتَابِ مِنَ اللَّهِ الْعَزِيزِ الْحَكِيمِ

    Tarusi n Tezmamt s$uô Öebbi, Uzmir, Bab n ûûwab.

  3. Ayah 3

    مَا خَلَقْنَا السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ وَمَا بَيْنَهُمَا إِلَّا بِالْحَقِّ وَأَجَلٍ مُّسَمًّى ۚ وَالَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا عَمَّا أُنذِرُوا مُعْرِضُونَ

    Ur Nexliq tamurt, igenwan, akked wayen illan garasen, siwa s tidep, ar lajel ipwassnen. Wid ijehlen numren ayen u$uô pwanedôen.

  4. Ayah 4

    قُلْ أَرَأَيْتُم مَّا تَدْعُونَ مِن دُونِ اللَّهِ أَرُونِي مَاذَا خَلَقُوا مِنَ الْأَرْضِ أَمْ لَهُمْ شِرْكٌ فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ ۖ ائْتُونِي بِكِتَابٍ مِّن قَبْلِ هَـٰذَا أَوْ أَثَارَةٍ مِّنْ عِلْمٍ إِن كُنتُمْ صَادِقِينَ

    Ini: "day ur twalam ara wigi u$uô la tepnujum, war Öebbi? Sseknet iyi d, d acu xelqen si tmurt, ne$ ma sâan amur deg igenwan? Awit iyi d tazmamt id izwaren tagi, ne$ lateô n tmusni, ma tessawalem tidep".

  5. Ayah 5

    وَمَنْ أَضَلُّ مِمَّن يَدْعُو مِن دُونِ اللَّهِ مَن لَّا يَسْتَجِيبُ لَهُ إِلَىٰ يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ وَهُمْ عَن دُعَائِهِمْ غَافِلُونَ

    Anwa innetlafen sennig wid ipnujun, war Öebbi, $eô wayen ur asen d nepparra, ar ass n tnekra, u nitni stehzan deg unuju nnsen?

  6. Ayah 6

    وَإِذَا حُشِرَ النَّاسُ كَانُوا لَهُمْ أَعْدَاءً وَكَانُوا بِعِبَادَتِهِمْ كَافِرِينَ

    Mara twafesrem imdanen, ad ilin d icenga nnsen, ad skiddben aâbad nnsen.

  7. Ayah 7

    وَإِذَا تُتْلَىٰ عَلَيْهِمْ آيَاتُنَا بَيِّنَاتٍ قَالَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا لِلْحَقِّ لَمَّا جَاءَهُمْ هَـٰذَا سِحْرٌ مُّبِينٌ

    Ma $ôan asen issekniyen nne£ iberrzen, wid iugin tidep, mi ten id tusa, ad inin: "wagi d ssêur n ûûeê".

  8. Ayah 8

    أَمْ يَقُولُونَ افْتَرَاهُ ۖ قُلْ إِنِ افْتَرَيْتُهُ فَلَا تَمْلِكُونَ لِي مِنَ اللَّهِ شَيْئًا ۖ هُوَ أَعْلَمُ بِمَا تُفِيضُونَ فِيهِ ۖ كَفَىٰ بِهِ شَهِيدًا بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَكُمْ ۖ وَهُوَ الْغَفُورُ الرَّحِيمُ

    Ne$ ad inin: "isnulfa t id". Ini: "lemmer it id snulfa$, ur tezmirem ad iyi tsellkem, s wacemma, si Öebbi. Neppa, Yif akw akken Issen, acu têekkum fellas. Iqadd Neppa d Anagi gari yidwen. Neppa, Ipsemmiê, Ipêunu.

  9. Ayah 9

    قُلْ مَا كُنتُ بِدْعًا مِّنَ الرُّسُلِ وَمَا أَدْرِي مَا يُفْعَلُ بِي وَلَا بِكُمْ ۖ إِنْ أَتَّبِعُ إِلَّا مَا يُوحَىٰ إِلَيَّ وَمَا أَنَا إِلَّا نَذِيرٌ مُّبِينٌ

    Ini: "ur lli$, ger imazanen, d win id isnulfuyen. Ur éôi$ acu ara ivôun yidi, ne$ yidwen. La îîafaôe$, kan, ayen iyi d ippuweêêan. Aql i, kan, nek, d aneddaô ipbegginen".

  10. Ayah 10

    قُلْ أَرَأَيْتُمْ إِن كَانَ مِنْ عِندِ اللَّهِ وَكَفَرْتُم بِهِ وَشَهِدَ شَاهِدٌ مِّن بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ عَلَىٰ مِثْلِهِ فَآمَنَ وَاسْتَكْبَرْتُمْ ۖ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يَهْدِي الْقَوْمَ الظَّالِمِينَ

    Ini: "meyyzet ma, ayagi, s$uô Öebbi, u tnekôem t? Icehhed unagi n At Isôail, $ef lmetl is, d$a iumen. Tesme$wrem iman nnwen". Ih, Öebbi ur Inehhu agdud imednas.

  11. Ayah 11

    وَقَالَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا لِلَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَوْ كَانَ خَيْرًا مَّا سَبَقُونَا إِلَيْهِ ۚ وَإِذْ لَمْ يَهْتَدُوا بِهِ فَسَيَقُولُونَ هَـٰذَا إِفْكٌ قَدِيمٌ

    Nnan wid ijehlen, i wid iumnen: "lemmer d ayen ilhan, ur a$ zeggwiren $uôes". Imi ur pwanhan ara syis, qqaôen: "ayagi d tikerkas n zik".

  12. Ayah 12

    وَمِن قَبْلِهِ كِتَابُ مُوسَىٰ إِمَامًا وَرَحْمَةً ۚ وَهَـٰذَا كِتَابٌ مُّصَدِّقٌ لِّسَانًا عَرَبِيًّا لِّيُنذِرَ الَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوا وَبُشْرَىٰ لِلْمُحْسِنِينَ

    Uqbel is, Tazmamt n Musa, d nnhaya u d aêunu. Tagi d Tazmamt itebbiten, s wawalen n taâôabt, a ppendeô wid idensen, a ppessefôeê lâuûam.

  13. Ayah 13

    إِنَّ الَّذِينَ قَالُوا رَبُّنَا اللَّهُ ثُمَّ اسْتَقَامُوا فَلَا خَوْفٌ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا هُمْ يَحْزَنُونَ

    Ih, wid iqqaôen: "Mass nne$ d Öebbi, d$a îfen degs, ur ppagaden, ur $weblen".

  14. Ayah 14

    أُولَـٰئِكَ أَصْحَابُ الْجَنَّةِ خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا جَزَاءً بِمَا كَانُوا يَعْمَلُونَ

    Widak d at Loennet, degs ad wekkôen, d arraz n wayen xeddmen.

  15. Ayah 15

    وَوَصَّيْنَا الْإِنسَانَ بِوَالِدَيْهِ إِحْسَانًا ۖ حَمَلَتْهُ أُمُّهُ كُرْهًا وَوَضَعَتْهُ كُرْهًا ۖ وَحَمْلُهُ وَفِصَالُهُ ثَلَاثُونَ شَهْرًا ۚ حَتَّىٰ إِذَا بَلَغَ أَشُدَّهُ وَبَلَغَ أَرْبَعِينَ سَنَةً قَالَ رَبِّ أَوْزِعْنِي أَنْ أَشْكُرَ نِعْمَتَكَ الَّتِي أَنْعَمْتَ عَلَيَّ وَعَلَىٰ وَالِدَيَّ وَأَنْ أَعْمَلَ صَالِحًا تَرْضَاهُ وَأَصْلِحْ لِي فِي ذُرِّيَّتِي ۖ إِنِّي تُبْتُ إِلَيْكَ وَإِنِّي مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ

    Nweûûa amdan ar lewqama s imawlan is. Imma s temêen s tadist, temêen di tinnufra. Ger tadist akked ujumi, caret wagguren. Armi ibbwev d anqaqôi, issawev kuéet isegwasen, inna: "a Mass iw! Eoo iyi a K snemmre$ af l$it i $ T$atev, nek akked lwaldin iw; ad xedme$ ayen ilhan ara K iôavin. Efk iyi d tarwa ilhan. Aql i utube$ K, aql i seg imvuâen".

  16. Ayah 16

    أُولَـٰئِكَ الَّذِينَ نَتَقَبَّلُ عَنْهُمْ أَحْسَنَ مَا عَمِلُوا وَنَتَجَاوَزُ عَن سَيِّئَاتِهِمْ فِي أَصْحَابِ الْجَنَّةِ ۖ وَعْدَ الصِّدْقِ الَّذِي كَانُوا يُوعَدُونَ

    £uô wigi, Nqebbel lmefruz igiten nnsen, a Nessuref i tucmitin nnsen, ger at Loennet; d lemâahda n tidep, i sen ippuwaââden.

  17. Ayah 17

    وَالَّذِي قَالَ لِوَالِدَيْهِ أُفٍّ لَّكُمَا أَتَعِدَانِنِي أَنْ أُخْرَجَ وَقَدْ خَلَتِ الْقُرُونُ مِن قَبْلِي وَهُمَا يَسْتَغِيثَانِ اللَّهَ وَيْلَكَ آمِنْ إِنَّ وَعْدَ اللَّهِ حَقٌّ فَيَقُولُ مَا هَـٰذَا إِلَّا أَسَاطِيرُ الْأَوَّلِينَ

    Win innan i imawlan is: "tfuh nnwen! Day yi tâahdem a d kkre$? Ni$ âaddan isuta uqbel i". Nitni teppren tacvaî n Öebbi: "a ssexv ik, amen! Ih, lmâahda n Öebbi, d tidep". A d yini: "ayagi, siwa tiêkayin imezwura".

  18. Ayah 18

    أُولَـٰئِكَ الَّذِينَ حَقَّ عَلَيْهِمُ الْقَوْلُ فِي أُمَمٍ قَدْ خَلَتْ مِن قَبْلِهِم مِّنَ الْجِنِّ وَالْإِنسِ ۖ إِنَّهُمْ كَانُوا خَاسِرِينَ

    D wigi i$ef iûaô wawal iaânan leoyus n leonun akked yimdanen, i ten id izwaren. Ih, nitni d imexsuôen.

  19. Ayah 19

    وَلِكُلٍّ دَرَجَاتٌ مِّمَّا عَمِلُوا ۖ وَلِيُوَفِّيَهُمْ أَعْمَالَهُمْ وَهُمْ لَا يُظْلَمُونَ

    I akw tiseddarin n wayen xedmen, iwakken ad yili warraz igiten nnsen. Nitni ur pwadensen.

  20. Ayah 20

    وَيَوْمَ يُعْرَضُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا عَلَى النَّارِ أَذْهَبْتُمْ طَيِّبَاتِكُمْ فِي حَيَاتِكُمُ الدُّنْيَا وَاسْتَمْتَعْتُم بِهَا فَالْيَوْمَ تُجْزَوْنَ عَذَابَ الْهُونِ بِمَا كُنتُمْ تَسْتَكْبِرُونَ فِي الْأَرْضِ بِغَيْرِ الْحَقِّ وَبِمَا كُنتُمْ تَفْسُقُونَ

    Ass ideg ara kecmen ar tmes, wid ijehlen: "tvegâam tiéidanin i s tezham, di tmeddurt nnwen di ddunit. Assa, a ppeppuqeîîim s uâaqeb isdullun, imi tessem$waôem iman nnwen di tmurt, ur teklalem; imi tellam tbe$wlem".

  21. Ayah 21

    وَاذْكُرْ أَخَا عَادٍ إِذْ أَنذَرَ قَوْمَهُ بِالْأَحْقَافِ وَقَدْ خَلَتِ النُّذُرُ مِن بَيْنِ يَدَيْهِ وَمِنْ خَلْفِهِ أَلَّا تَعْبُدُوا إِلَّا اللَّهَ إِنِّي أَخَافُ عَلَيْكُمْ عَذَابَ يَوْمٍ عَظِيمٍ

    Mmekti d agmat n Âad, mi indeô agdud is deg igidan, u, s tidep, âaddan d ineddaôen zdat es, u zdeffir es: "siwa Öebbi ara tâabdem. Nek ugade$, fellawen, aâaqeb n wass abarar".

  22. Ayah 22

    قَالُوا أَجِئْتَنَا لِتَأْفِكَنَا عَنْ آلِهَتِنَا فَأْتِنَا بِمَا تَعِدُنَا إِن كُنتَ مِنَ الصَّادِقِينَ

    Nnan d: "day a$ d tusiv, ad a$ tfaôqev akked iôebbiten nne$? Awi a$ d ayen i$ef la $ tessagwadev, ma tessawalev tidep"!

  23. Ayah 23

    قَالَ إِنَّمَا الْعِلْمُ عِندَ اللَّهِ وَأُبَلِّغُكُم مَّا أُرْسِلْتُ بِهِ وَلَـٰكِنِّي أَرَاكُمْ قَوْمًا تَجْهَلُونَ

    Inna: "tamusni ar Öebbi kan. Ssawve$ awen ayen i$ef id ppuceggâa$. Maca, wala$ kwen d agdud ur nessin".

  24. Ayah 24

    فَلَمَّا رَأَوْهُ عَارِضًا مُّسْتَقْبِلَ أَوْدِيَتِهِمْ قَالُوا هَـٰذَا عَارِضٌ مُّمْطِرُنَا ۚ بَلْ هُوَ مَا اسْتَعْجَلْتُم بِهِ ۖ رِيحٌ فِيهَا عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ

    Mi t walan d asigna id ileêêun ar t$wezza nnsen, nnan: "wagi d asigna ar a$ d iawin ageffur". Xaîi! D ayen i$ef têarem, d avu, degs aâaqeb aqeôêan;

  25. Ayah 25

    تُدَمِّرُ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ بِأَمْرِ رَبِّهَا فَأَصْبَحُوا لَا يُرَىٰ إِلَّا مَسَاكِنُهُمْ ۚ كَذَٰلِكَ نَجْزِي الْقَوْمَ الْمُجْرِمِينَ

    ad isqucc yal cci, s lameô n Mass is. Gwran d ur tepwaliv siwa ixxamen nnsen. Akka i Nepqeîîi igduden ibe$wviyen.

  26. Ayah 26

    وَلَقَدْ مَكَّنَّاهُمْ فِيمَا إِن مَّكَّنَّاكُمْ فِيهِ وَجَعَلْنَا لَهُمْ سَمْعًا وَأَبْصَارًا وَأَفْئِدَةً فَمَا أَغْنَىٰ عَنْهُمْ سَمْعُهُمْ وَلَا أَبْصَارُهُمْ وَلَا أَفْئِدَتُهُم مِّن شَيْءٍ إِذْ كَانُوا يَجْحَدُونَ بِآيَاتِ اللَّهِ وَحَاقَ بِهِم مَّا كَانُوا بِهِ يَسْتَهْزِئُونَ

    Ni$ Nessakrer asen ayen ur awen Nessakrer. Nefka yasen imeééu$en, allen, akked wulawen. Ula i sen d bbwin deg wacemma imeééu$en, allen, akked wulawen, mi skaddben issekniyen n Öebbi. Ayen i$ef ttihin, izzi d fellasen.

  27. Ayah 27

    وَلَقَدْ أَهْلَكْنَا مَا حَوْلَكُم مِّنَ الْقُرَىٰ وَصَرَّفْنَا الْآيَاتِ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَرْجِعُونَ

    Ni$ nessenger akw timdinin i wen d izzin, u Nenewwel asent issekniyen, amar a d u$alent s abrid.

  28. Ayah 28

    فَلَوْلَا نَصَرَهُمُ الَّذِينَ اتَّخَذُوا مِن دُونِ اللَّهِ قُرْبَانًا آلِهَةً ۖ بَلْ ضَلُّوا عَنْهُمْ ۚ وَذَٰلِكَ إِفْكُهُمْ وَمَا كَانُوا يَفْتَرُونَ

    Acimi ur ten sellken ara wid rran d iôebbiten iééaéan, war Öebbi? Xaîi! Ooan ten. D ayagi ay d tikerkas nnsen, u d wayen id snulfuyen.

  29. Ayah 29

    وَإِذْ صَرَفْنَا إِلَيْكَ نَفَرًا مِّنَ الْجِنِّ يَسْتَمِعُونَ الْقُرْآنَ فَلَمَّا حَضَرُوهُ قَالُوا أَنصِتُوا ۖ فَلَمَّا قُضِيَ وَلَّوْا إِلَىٰ قَوْمِهِم مُّنذِرِينَ

    Mi k ed Nebbwi agraw n leonun, ad ssemêessen i Leqwôan; mi s êedôen, nnan: "êesset"! Mi ifukk, u$alen s agdud nnsen d ineddaôen.

  30. Ayah 30

    قَالُوا يَا قَوْمَنَا إِنَّا سَمِعْنَا كِتَابًا أُنزِلَ مِن بَعْدِ مُوسَىٰ مُصَدِّقًا لِّمَا بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ يَهْدِي إِلَى الْحَقِّ وَإِلَىٰ طَرِيقٍ مُّسْتَقِيمٍ

    Nnan: "a yagdud nne$, aql a$ nesla i Tezmamt id irsen, deffir Musa, id itebbten ayen ip id izwaren, i inehhun ar tidep akked ubrid uwqim.

  31. Ayah 31

    يَا قَوْمَنَا أَجِيبُوا دَاعِيَ اللَّهِ وَآمِنُوا بِهِ يَغْفِرْ لَكُم مِّن ذُنُوبِكُمْ وَيُجِرْكُم مِّنْ عَذَابٍ أَلِيمٍ

    A yagdud nne$, erret awal i uberraê n Öebbi, amnet yiS, ad awen Isemmeê seg ibekkaven nnwen, a kwen Isellek seg uâaqeb aqeôêan".

  32. Ayah 32

    وَمَن لَّا يُجِبْ دَاعِيَ اللَّهِ فَلَيْسَ بِمُعْجِزٍ فِي الْأَرْضِ وَلَيْسَ لَهُ مِن دُونِهِ أَوْلِيَاءُ ۚ أُولَـٰئِكَ فِي ضَلَالٍ مُّبِينٍ

    Win isâaweégen i uberraê n Öebbi, ur ipsellik di tmurt, ur ippaf imawlan, war Neppa. Widak di ttelfan n ûûeê.

  33. Ayah 33

    أَوَلَمْ يَرَوْا أَنَّ اللَّهَ الَّذِي خَلَقَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ وَلَمْ يَعْيَ بِخَلْقِهِنَّ بِقَادِرٍ عَلَىٰ أَن يُحْيِيَ الْمَوْتَىٰ ۚ بَلَىٰ إِنَّهُ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ

    Day ur walan ara ar Öebbi d Win Ixelqen tamurt akked igenwan, ur Ifcil seg uxlaq nnsen? Izmer a d Issider lmeggtin. Ih, Neppa Izmer i yal cci.

  34. Ayah 34

    وَيَوْمَ يُعْرَضُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا عَلَى النَّارِ أَلَيْسَ هَـٰذَا بِالْحَقِّ ۖ قَالُوا بَلَىٰ وَرَبِّنَا ۚ قَالَ فَذُوقُوا الْعَذَابَ بِمَا كُنتُمْ تَكْفُرُونَ

    Ass ideg ara d rsen, ar tmes, wid ijehlen: "maççi s tidep ayagi"? A d inin: "ih, s Mass nne$"! A d Yini: "jeôôbet aâaqeb $ef wayen la tnekôem"!

  35. Ayah 35

    فَاصْبِرْ كَمَا صَبَرَ أُولُو الْعَزْمِ مِنَ الرُّسُلِ وَلَا تَسْتَعْجِل لَّهُمْ ۚ كَأَنَّهُمْ يَوْمَ يَرَوْنَ مَا يُوعَدُونَ لَمْ يَلْبَثُوا إِلَّا سَاعَةً مِّن نَّهَارٍ ۚ بَلَاغٌ ۚ فَهَلْ يُهْلَكُ إِلَّا الْقَوْمُ الْفَاسِقُونَ

    Eûbeô akken ûebôen wid iôeûmen seg imazanen. I nitni, ur p$awal. Ass ideg ara walin acu i sen ippuwaââden, amzun ur kminen siwa saâa n wass. D aberreê: "anwa ara ipwakksen, siwa agdud icemten"?

About the Quran

The Quran

The Quran is the holy scripture of Islam. Muslims believe that it is the literal word of Allah (سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى), revealed to the Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه وسلم) over a period of 23 years. The Quran is composed of 114 Surahs (chapters) and contains 6,236 Ayat (verses). Muslim beliefs and practices are based on the Quran and the Sunnah, the teachings and example of the Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه وسلم).

The Kaaba in Mecca
A mosque in South America

Meccan Surahs

The Meccan Surahs are the earliest revelations sent down to the Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه وسلم). They were revealed in Mecca, hence their name. These revelations form the foundation of the Islamic faith and contain guidance for Muslims on how to live their lives. The Meccan Surahs are also notable for their poetic beauty and lyrical prose.

Medinan Surahs

The Medinan Surahs are the later Surahs that, according to Islamic tradition, were revealed in Medina after the Prophet Muhammad's (صلى الله عليه وسلم) hijra from Mecca. They were revealed by Allah (سبحانه و تعالى) when the Muslim community was larger and more developed, as opposed to their minority position in Mecca.

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