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About this Surah

This Surah is named Al-Fatihah because of its subject matter. Fatihah is that which opens a subject or a book or any other thing. In other words, Al-Fatihah is a sort of preface.


Tafsir (Commentary)

Name

This Surah is named Al-Fatihah because of its subject matter. Fatihah is that which opens a subject or a book or any other thing. In other words, Al-Fatihah is a sort of preface.

Period of Revelation

Surah Al-Fatihah is one of the very earliest Revelations to the Holy Prophet. As a matter of fact, we learn from authentic traditions that it was the first complete Surah that was revealed to Muhammad (Allah's peace be upon him). Before this, only a few miscellaneous verses were revealed which form parts of Alaq, Muzzammil, Muddaththir, etc.

Theme

This Surah is in fact a prayer that Allah has taught to all those who want to make a study of His book. It has been placed at the very beginning of the Quran to teach this lesson to the reader: if you sincerely want to benefit from the Quran, you should offer this prayer to the Lord of the Universe.

This preface is meant to create a strong desire in the heart of the reader to seek guidance from the Lord of the Universe Who alone can grant it. Thus Al-Fatihah indirectly teaches that the best thing for a man is to pray for guidance to the straight path, to study the Quran with the mental attitude of a seeker searching for the truth, and to recognize the fact that the Lord of the Universe is the source of all knowledge. He should, therefore, begin the study of the Quran with a prayer to Him for guidance.

From this theme, it becomes clear that the real relation between Al-Fatihah and the Quran is not that of an introduction to a book but that of a prayer and its answer. Al-Fatihah is the prayer from the servant and the Quran is the answer from the Master to the servant's prayer. The servant prays to Allah to show him guidance and the Master places the whole of the Quran before him in answer to his prayer, as if to say, "This is the Guidance you begged from Me."


Surah Al-Fatihah - The Opener
Ayah 1
به نام خداوند بخشنده‌ی مهربان. [[«بِسْمِ»: فراهم آمده است از (بِ) و (اِسْمِ). یعنی: کارم را با نام خدا آغاز می‌کنم؛ نه به نام چیز دیگری، و نه به فرمان دل یا کس دیگری. واژه (اِسْم) از ماده (سُمُوّ) به معنی عُلُوّ، یا (وسم) به معنی علامت و نشانه است. «اللهِ»: اسم خاصّ است برای خدا. اصل آن (إِلاه) بوده و مصدری است بر وزن (فِعال) به معنی مفعول، یعنی (مَأْلُوه) به معنی معبود می‌باشد. همان گونه که مصدر (خَلْق) به معنی مخلوق است (نگا: لقمان / 11). «الرَّحْمنِ»: دارای مهر فراوان (نگا: أعراف / 156). «الرَّحِیمِ»: دارای مهر همیشگی.]]
بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَـٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ
Ayah 2
ستایش خداوندی را سزا است که پروردگار جهانیان است. [[«رَبِّ»: پروردگار. مصدری است به معنی تربیت، و در اینجا در معنی اسم فاعل، یعنی مربّی به کار رفته است، و صفت (الله) می‌باشد. «الْعَالَمِینَ»: جهانیان، جهانها. هر صنفی از اصناف آفریدگان. اسم آلت است و به معنی آنچه خدا بدان شناخته شود. از راه تغلیب به صورت جمع مذکّر سالم با (ین) جمع بسته شده است.]]
الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ
Ayah 3
بخشنده‌ی مهربان است. [[«الرَّحْمنِ»: و «الرَّحِیمِ». هر دو صیغه مبالغه‌اند و صفت (الله) می‌باشند.]]
الرَّحْمَـٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ
Ayah 4
مالک روز سزا و جزا است. [[«مَالِکِ»: متصرّف. صاحب. خداوند. بدل یا صفت بشمار است. «الدِّینِ»: جزا. داوری. آئین.]]
مَالِكِ يَوْمِ الدِّينِ
Ayah 5
تنها تو را می‌پرستیم و تنها از تو یاری می‌طلبیم. [[«إیَّاکَ»: تو را.]]
إِيَّاكَ نَعْبُدُ وَإِيَّاكَ نَسْتَعِينُ
Ayah 6
ما را به راه راست راهنمائی فرما. [[«الصِّرَاطَ»: راه (نگا: مریم / 36، یس / 61، زخرف / 61 و 64).]]
اهْدِنَا الصِّرَاطَ الْمُسْتَقِيمَ
Ayah 7
راه کسانی که بدانان نعمت داده‌ای؛ نه راه آنان که بر ایشان خشم‌گرفته‌ای، و نه راه گمراهان و سرگشتگان. [[«صِرَاطَ»: بدل از (الصِّرَاطَ) پیشین است. «الَّذِینَ أَنْعَمْتَ عَلَیْهِمْ»: مراد کسانی است که در (نساء / 69) از آنان سخن رفته است. «غَیْرِ»: بدل از ضمیر (هِمْ) یا از (الَّذِینَ) است. «الْمَغْضُوبِ عَلَیْهِمْ»: مراد کسانی است که در (فتح / 6) از آنان سخن رفته است. «الضَّآلِّینَ»: گمراهان. مراد کسانی است که در (آل‌‌عمران / 90، واقعه / 41 - 56) از ایشان صحبت شده است.]]
صِرَاطَ الَّذِينَ أَنْعَمْتَ عَلَيْهِمْ غَيْرِ الْمَغْضُوبِ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا الضَّالِّينَ

Quran

is the holy scripture of Islam. Muslims believe that it is the literal word of Allah (سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى‎), revealed to the Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه وسلم) over a period of 23 years. The Quran is composed of 114 Suras (chapters) and contains 6,236 Ayat (verses). Muslim beliefs and practices are based on the Quran and the Sunnah (the teachings and example of Muhammad (صلى الله عليه وسلم)).

Meccan Surahs

The Meccan Surahs are the earliest revelations that were sent down to the Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه وسلم). They were revealed in Mecca, hence their name. These revelations form the foundation of the Islamic faith and contain guidance for Muslims on how to live their lives. The Meccan Surahs are also notable for their poetic beauty and lyrical prose.

Medinan Surahs

The Medinan Surahs of the noble Quran are the latest 24 Surahs that, according to Islamic tradition, were revealed at Medina after Prophet Muhammad's (صلى الله عليه وسلم) hijra from Mecca. These Surahs were revealed by Allah (سبحانه و تعالى) when the Muslim community was larger and more developed, as opposed to their minority position in Mecca.

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