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About this Surah

This Surah takes its name (The Night Journey) from v. 1. But this name is merely a distinctive appellation like the names of many other surahs and not a descriptive title, and does not mean that 'The Night Journey' is the theme of this Surah.


Tafsir (Commentary)

Name

This Surah takes its name (The Night Journey) from v. 1. But this name is merely a distinctive appellation like the names of many other surahs and not a descriptive title, and does not mean that "The Night Journey" is the theme of this Surah.

Period of Revelation

The very first verse indicates that this Surah was revealed on the occasion of Mi\`raj (Ascension). According to the Traditions and books on the life of the Holy Prophet, this event happened one year before Hijrah. Thus, this Surah is one of those which were revealed in the last stage of Prophethood at Makkah.

Background

The Holy Prophet had been propagating Tauhid for the previous twelve years and his opponents had been doing all they could to make his Mission a failure, but in spite of all their opposition, Islam had spread to every corner of Arabia and there were hardly any tribes which had not been influenced by his invitation. In Makkah itself the true Believers had formed themselves into a small community and were ready and willing to face every danger to make Islam a success. Besides them, a very large number of the people of Aus and Khazraj (two influential clans of Al-Madinah) had accepted Islam. Thus the time had come for the Holy Prophet to emigrate from Makkah to Al- Madinah and there gather together the scattered Muslims and establish a state based on the principles of Islam.

These were the conditions when Mi\`raj took place and on his return the Holy Prophet brought down the Message contained in this Surah.

Theme and Topics

This Surah is a wonderful combination of warning, admonition and instruction, which have been blended together in a balanced proportion.

The disbelievers of Makkah had been admonished to take a lesson from the miserable end of the Israelites and other communities and mend their ways within the period of respite given by Allah, which was about to expire. They should, therefore, accept the invitation that was being extended by Muhammad (Allah's peace be upon him) and the Quran. Otherwise they shall be annihilated and replaced by other people. Incidentally, the Israelites, with whom Islam was going to come in direct contact in the near future at Al-Madinah have also been warned that they should learn a lesson from the chastisements that have already been inflicted on them. They were warned, "Take advantage of the Prophethood of Muhammad (Allah's peace be upon him) because that is the last opportunity which is being given to you. If even now you behave as you have been behaving, you shall meet with a painful torment."

As regards the education of mankind, it has been impressed that human success or failure, gain or loss, depends upon the right understanding of Tauhid, life-after- death and Prophethood. Accordingly, convincing arguments have been put forward to prove that the Quran is the Book of Allah and its teachings are true and genuine the doubts of the disbelievers about these basic realities have been removed and on suitable occasions they have been admonished and rebuked in regard to their ways of ignorance.

In this connection, those fundamental principles of morality and civilization on which the Islamic System of life is meant to be established have been put forward. Thus this was a sort of the Manifesto of the intended Islamic state which had been proclaimed a year before its actual establishment. It has been explicitly stated that that was the sketch of the system on which Muhammad (Allah's peace be upon him) intended to build human life first in his own country and then in the outside world.

Besides these, the Holy Prophet has been instructed to stick firmly to his stand without minding the opposition and difficulties which he was encountering and should never think of making a compromise with unbelief. The Muslims who sometimes showed signs of impatience, when they met with persecution, calumny, and crooked arguments, have also been instructed to face adverse circumstances with patience and fortitude and keep full control over their feelings and passions. Moreover, salat was prescribed in order to reform and purify their souls, as if to say, "This is the thing which will produce in you those high qualities of character which are essential for everyone who intends to struggle in the righteous way. Incidentally, we learn from traditions that Mi'raj was the first occasion on which the five daily Prayers were prescribed to be offered at fixed times.


Surah Al-Insan - De Mens
Ayah 1
Ging er niet eene groote tijdruimte over den mensch, gedurende welke hij eene nietswaardige zaak was?
بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَـٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ هَلْ أَتَىٰ عَلَى الْإِنسَانِ حِينٌ مِّنَ الدَّهْرِ لَمْ يَكُن شَيْئًا مَّذْكُورًا
Ayah 2
Waarlijk, wij hebben den mensch geschapen uit het gemengde zaad van beide seksen, opdat wij hem zouden beproeven, en wij hebben hem doen hooren en zien.
إِنَّا خَلَقْنَا الْإِنسَانَ مِن نُّطْفَةٍ أَمْشَاجٍ نَّبْتَلِيهِ فَجَعَلْنَاهُ سَمِيعًا بَصِيرًا
Ayah 3
Wij hebben hem zeker op den weg geleid, of hij dankbaar, dan wel ondankbaar zou zijn.
إِنَّا هَدَيْنَاهُ السَّبِيلَ إِمَّا شَاكِرًا وَإِمَّا كَفُورًا
Ayah 4
Waarlijk, wij hebben voor de ongeloovigen ketenen en halskragen en brandend vuur gereed gemaakt.
إِنَّا أَعْتَدْنَا لِلْكَافِرِينَ سَلَاسِلَ وَأَغْلَالًا وَسَعِيرًا
Ayah 5
Maar de rechtvaardigen zullen uit een beker wijn drinken, gemengd met het water van Ca oer.
إِنَّ الْأَبْرَارَ يَشْرَبُونَ مِن كَأْسٍ كَانَ مِزَاجُهَا كَافُورًا
Ayah 6
Eene fontein waarvan Gods dienaren zullen drinken: zij zullen die door kanalen leiden (werwaarts het hun behaagt).
عَيْنًا يَشْرَبُ بِهَا عِبَادُ اللَّهِ يُفَجِّرُونَهَا تَفْجِيرًا
Ayah 7
Deze vervullen hunne gelofte en vreezen den dag, waarvan rampen zich zeer ver uitstrekken.
يُوفُونَ بِالنَّذْرِ وَيَخَافُونَ يَوْمًا كَانَ شَرُّهُ مُسْتَطِيرًا
Ayah 8
Zij, schoon zelven nooddruftig, geven voedsel aan de armen, aan den wees en aan den balling voor zijne zaak.
وَيُطْعِمُونَ الطَّعَامَ عَلَىٰ حُبِّهِ مِسْكِينًا وَيَتِيمًا وَأَسِيرًا
Ayah 9
Zeggende: Wij voeden u alleen voor Gods zaak; wij begeeren belooning noch dankzegging van u.
إِنَّمَا نُطْعِمُكُمْ لِوَجْهِ اللَّهِ لَا نُرِيدُ مِنكُمْ جَزَاءً وَلَا شُكُورًا
Ayah 10
Waarlijk, wij vreezen van onzen Heer een schrikbarenden en rampvollen dag.
إِنَّا نَخَافُ مِن رَّبِّنَا يَوْمًا عَبُوسًا قَمْطَرِيرًا
Ayah 11
Daarom zal God hen van de ramp van dien dag bevrijden, en hij zal hunne voorhoofden doen schitteren, en hun vreugde geven.
فَوَقَاهُمُ اللَّهُ شَرَّ ذَٰلِكَ الْيَوْمِ وَلَقَّاهُمْ نَضْرَةً وَسُرُورًا
Ayah 12
En hij zal hun voor hunne geduldige volharding beloonen, met een tuin en zijden kleederen.
وَجَزَاهُم بِمَا صَبَرُوا جَنَّةً وَحَرِيرًا
Ayah 13
Daarin zullen zij op zetels rusten; zij zullen daar zon noch maan zien.
مُّتَّكِئِينَ فِيهَا عَلَى الْأَرَائِكِ ۖ لَا يَرَوْنَ فِيهَا شَمْسًا وَلَا زَمْهَرِيرًا
Ayah 14
De schaduwen der boomen zullen zich over hen uitspreiden, en de vruchten daarvan zullen laag nederkomen, zoodat die gemakkelijk zullen kunnen worden ingezameld.
وَدَانِيَةً عَلَيْهِمْ ظِلَالُهَا وَذُلِّلَتْ قُطُوفُهَا تَذْلِيلًا
Ayah 15
Hunne dienaren zullen bij hen rondgaan met zilveren vaatwerk en bekers.
وَيُطَافُ عَلَيْهِم بِآنِيَةٍ مِّن فِضَّةٍ وَأَكْوَابٍ كَانَتْ قَوَارِيرَا
Ayah 16
De flesschen zullen flesschen van zilver zijn (blinkend als glas); zij zullen de maat daarvan bepalen.
قَوَارِيرَ مِن فِضَّةٍ قَدَّرُوهَا تَقْدِيرًا
Ayah 17
Daar zal hun te drinken worden gegeven, uit bekers (wijn), gemengd met het water van Zedjebil
وَيُسْقَوْنَ فِيهَا كَأْسًا كَانَ مِزَاجُهَا زَنجَبِيلًا
Ayah 18
Uit eene fontein in het paradijs, Selsebil genaamd.
عَيْنًا فِيهَا تُسَمَّىٰ سَلْسَبِيلًا
Ayah 19
En kinderen die eeuwig jong zullen blijven zullen rondgaan om hen te bedienen; als gij hen ziet, zult gij denken dat zij verspreide paarlen zijn.
وَيَطُوفُ عَلَيْهِمْ وِلْدَانٌ مُّخَلَّدُونَ إِذَا رَأَيْتَهُمْ حَسِبْتَهُمْ لُؤْلُؤًا مَّنثُورًا
Ayah 20
En als gij dit ziet, zult gij geneugten aanschouwen en een groot koninkrijk.
وَإِذَا رَأَيْتَ ثَمَّ رَأَيْتَ نَعِيمًا وَمُلْكًا كَبِيرًا
Ayah 21
Zij zullen bedekt zijn met kleederen van fijne, groene zijde en van gouden weefsels, en zij zullen versierd zijn met zilveren armbanden, en hun Heer zal hun van het zuiverste vocht te drinken geven.
عَالِيَهُمْ ثِيَابُ سُندُسٍ خُضْرٌ وَإِسْتَبْرَقٌ ۖ وَحُلُّوا أَسَاوِرَ مِن فِضَّةٍ وَسَقَاهُمْ رَبُّهُمْ شَرَابًا طَهُورًا
Ayah 22
(Hij zal tot hen zeggen:) Waarlijk, dit is uwe belooning, en uwe pogingen zijn dankbaar aangenomen.
إِنَّ هَـٰذَا كَانَ لَكُمْ جَزَاءً وَكَانَ سَعْيُكُم مَّشْكُورًا
Ayah 23
Waarlijk, wij hebben u den Koran door eene (trapsgewijze) openbaring nedergezonden.
إِنَّا نَحْنُ نَزَّلْنَا عَلَيْكَ الْقُرْآنَ تَنزِيلًا
Ayah 24
Wacht dus geduldig het oordeel van uwen Heer af, en geloof geen zondaar of ongeloovige onder hen.
فَاصْبِرْ لِحُكْمِ رَبِّكَ وَلَا تُطِعْ مِنْهُمْ آثِمًا أَوْ كَفُورًا
Ayah 25
Gedenk den naam van uwen Heer, des ochtends en des avonds.
وَاذْكُرِ اسْمَ رَبِّكَ بُكْرَةً وَأَصِيلًا
Ayah 26
En aanbid hem gedurende (een deel van den nacht); en prijs hem gedurende een groot deel des nachts.
وَمِنَ اللَّيْلِ فَاسْجُدْ لَهُ وَسَبِّحْهُ لَيْلًا طَوِيلًا
Ayah 27
Waarlijk, deze menschen beminnen het voorbijgaande leven, en veronachtzamen den zwaren dag des oordeels.
إِنَّ هَـٰؤُلَاءِ يُحِبُّونَ الْعَاجِلَةَ وَيَذَرُونَ وَرَاءَهُمْ يَوْمًا ثَقِيلًا
Ayah 28
Wij hebben hen geschapen en hunne ledematen gesterkt, en als het ons behaagt, stellen wij anderen aan hen gelijk, in hunne plaats.
نَّحْنُ خَلَقْنَاهُمْ وَشَدَدْنَا أَسْرَهُمْ ۖ وَإِذَا شِئْنَا بَدَّلْنَا أَمْثَالَهُمْ تَبْدِيلًا
Ayah 29
Waarlijk, dit is eene waarschuwing; en hij die wil, kieze den weg tot zijn Heer.
إِنَّ هَـٰذِهِ تَذْكِرَةٌ ۖ فَمَن شَاءَ اتَّخَذَ إِلَىٰ رَبِّهِ سَبِيلًا
Ayah 30
Maar gij zult niet willen tenzij God wil; want God is alwetend en wijs
وَمَا تَشَاءُونَ إِلَّا أَن يَشَاءَ اللَّهُ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ عَلِيمًا حَكِيمًا
Ayah 31
Hij leidt in zijne genade die hem behagen; maar voor den onrechtvaardige heeft hij eene gestrenge straf gereed gemaakt.
يُدْخِلُ مَن يَشَاءُ فِي رَحْمَتِهِ ۚ وَالظَّالِمِينَ أَعَدَّ لَهُمْ عَذَابًا أَلِيمًا

Quran

is the holy scripture of Islam. Muslims believe that it is the literal word of Allah (سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى‎), revealed to the Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه وسلم) over a period of 23 years. The Quran is composed of 114 Suras (chapters) and contains 6,236 Ayat (verses). Muslim beliefs and practices are based on the Quran and the Sunnah (the teachings and example of Muhammad (صلى الله عليه وسلم)).

Meccan Surahs

The Meccan Surahs are the earliest revelations that were sent down to the Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه وسلم). They were revealed in Mecca, hence their name. These revelations form the foundation of the Islamic faith and contain guidance for Muslims on how to live their lives. The Meccan Surahs are also notable for their poetic beauty and lyrical prose.

Medinan Surahs

The Medinan Surahs of the noble Quran are the latest 24 Surahs that, according to Islamic tradition, were revealed at Medina after Prophet Muhammad's (صلى الله عليه وسلم) hijra from Mecca. These Surahs were revealed by Allah (سبحانه و تعالى) when the Muslim community was larger and more developed, as opposed to their minority position in Mecca.

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